Content Writer, Former Construction Project Manager
Published: February 18, 2026
How Much Does Deck Construction Cost in Ontario?
The cost of deck construction in Ontario typically ranges from $25 to $100 per square foot, depending on materials, design complexity, and location. For an average 12×16 foot deck (192 square feet), homeowners can expect to pay between $8,000 and $25,000, with most projects falling in the $10,000-$18,000 range.
These costs include both materials and professional installation. Ground-level decks using pressure-treated wood represent the most affordable option, while elevated second-story decks with premium composite materials command the highest prices.
Key Factors That Influence Deck Building Costs
The final cost of your deck project depends on several interconnected factors:
Material choice: Pressure-treated wood, cedar, composite (Trex, Fiberon), or PVC decking
Deck size and square footage: Larger decks require more materials and labour
Deck height and elevation: Ground-level, raised, or second-story construction
Design complexity: Simple rectangular vs. multi-level, curved, or custom shapes
Railing type: Wood, aluminum, composite, or cable systems
Stairs and access points: Number of staircases and their configuration
Permits and inspections: Municipal requirements and associated fees
Labour rates: Geographic location within Ontario (GTA premium vs. smaller municipalities)
Additional features: Built-in seating, planters, lighting, privacy screens, or skirting
Site preparation: Ground leveling, excavation, or removal of existing structures
Decking Materials and Costs
Pressure-treated lumber remains the most popular choice for Ontario homeowners seeking an affordable, functional deck. This chemically-treated softwood (typically pine or spruce) resists rot, decay, and insect damage, making it suitable for Canadian climates.
Modern pressure-treated products like MicroPro Sienna use advanced preservative technology that’s environmentally preferable and gives the wood a warm, natural brown appearance rather than the traditional green tint.
Pressure-Treated Wood Cost Breakdown
Cost Category
Price Range
Materials Only
$2 – $5 per square foot
Installed Cost
$27 – $40 per square foot
12×16 Deck (192 sq ft)
$5,200 – $7,700
Expected Lifespan
10 – 25 years
Pros:
Most affordable decking option
Widely available at lumber yards and home improvement stores
Relatively easy to work with for DIY projects
Can be stained or painted to customize appearance
Good resistance to rot and insects when properly maintained
Prone to warping, cracking, and splintering over time
Shorter lifespan compared to composite alternatives
Surface can become slippery when wet
Chemicals may leach into surrounding soil
Gray weathering if left unsealed
Regular maintenance costs add up over deck lifetime
Best for: Budget-conscious homeowners who don’t mind annual maintenance and want a traditional wood appearance at the lowest upfront cost.
Western Red Cedar offers a premium natural wood option with exceptional beauty and natural durability. Its rich color, pleasant aroma, and fine grain pattern make it a favorite among homeowners who value authentic wood aesthetics.
Cedar contains natural oils (extractives) that provide inherent resistance to decay and insects without chemical treatment, making it an environmentally friendly choice.
Cedar Wood Cost Breakdown
Cost Category
Price Range
Materials Only
$3 – $7 per square foot
Installed Cost
$35 – $55 per square foot
12×16 Deck (192 sq ft)
$6,700 – $10,600
Expected Lifespan
15 – 20 years
Pros:
Beautiful natural appearance with rich reddish-brown tones
Pleasant, distinctive cedar aroma
Naturally resistant to rot and insects (no chemical treatment needed)
Lightweight and easy to work with
Less prone to warping than pressure-treated lumber
Accepts stains and finishes beautifully
Environmentally friendly (no chemical preservatives)
Cooler underfoot in summer compared to composite materials
Cons:
Higher upfront cost than pressure-treated wood
Requires regular maintenance (sealing every 1-2 years)
Fades to silvery-gray if left unsealed
Natural resistance diminishes over time
Can still develop splinters and cracks
More expensive replacement if boards become damaged
Annual maintenance costs similar to pressure-treated wood
Best for: Homeowners who want natural wood beauty with better durability than pressure-treated lumber and are willing to invest in regular maintenance.
Composite decking revolutionized the deck industry by combining wood fibers with plastic polymers to create low-maintenance boards that resist fading, staining, and structural deterioration. Major brands like Trex, Fiberon, and TimberTech offer multiple product lines at various price points.
Composite boards feature a protective cap layer (capped composite) that provides superior stain resistance and UV protection while maintaining realistic wood grain patterns and colors.
Composite Decking Cost Breakdown
Cost Category
Price Range
Materials Only
$5 – $10 per linear foot
Installed Cost
$45 – $75 per square foot
12×16 Deck (192 sq ft)
$8,600 – $14,400
Expected Lifespan
25 – 30+ years
Pros:
Extremely low maintenance (no staining, sealing, or painting)
Won’t rot, warp, crack, or splinter like wood
Resistant to fading, staining, scratching, and mold
25-30+ year lifespan with comprehensive warranties
Wide variety of colors and wood grain patterns
Splinter-free surface safe for bare feet
Environmentally friendly (often made from recycled materials)
Higher upfront cost than wood options (60-70% more)
Can become hot underfoot in direct summer sun (especially darker colors)
Heavier than wood (requires proper structural support)
Cannot be refinished or resurfaced
Limited repair options if boards become damaged
May fade slightly despite UV protection
Not as “natural” feeling as real wood
Can expand and contract with temperature changes
Best for: Homeowners seeking long-term value with minimal maintenance who can afford the higher upfront investment for decades of hassle-free outdoor living.
PVC decking represents the premium end of synthetic decking materials. Made entirely from cellular PVC (polyvinyl chloride) rather than wood-plastic composite, these boards offer maximum durability and the lowest maintenance requirements.
TimberTech Advanced PVC (formerly Azek) leads the category with multiple collections including Vintage, Harvest, Landmark, and Arbor lines, each offering different aesthetics and features.
PVC Decking Cost Breakdown
Cost Category
Price Range
Materials Only
$6 – $12 per linear foot
Installed Cost
$55 – $95 per square foot
12×16 Deck (192 sq ft)
$10,600 – $18,200
Expected Lifespan
30 – 50 years
Pros:
Absolute lowest maintenance of any decking material
Superior stain, scratch, and moisture resistance
Will not rot, warp, crack, or support mold growth
Excellent color retention and fade resistance
Lightweight (30% lighter than composite alternatives)
Completely waterproof core
Comprehensive warranties (often 30-50 years)
Best option for high-moisture environments (pool decks, lakefront)
Fastest installation due to lighter weight
Cons:
Highest upfront cost of all decking materials
Can become very hot in direct sunlight
More expensive to repair if damaged
Limited “natural” feel compared to wood
Expansion and contraction requires proper installation techniques
Premium pricing may not fit all budgets
Fewer color options than composite lines
Overkill for basic deck applications
Best for: Homeowners who want the absolute best performance, longest lifespan, and zero maintenance, and have the budget for premium materials.
Deck Material Cost Comparison Summary
Here’s a side-by-side comparison to help you evaluate your options:
Material
Installed Cost/Sq Ft
12×16 Deck Total
Annual Maintenance
Lifespan
Best Value
Pressure-Treated
$27 – $40
$5,200 – $7,700
$200 – $400
10-25 years
Budget-conscious
Cedar
$35 – $55
$6,700 – $10,600
$250 – $450
15-20 years
Natural beauty
Composite
$45 – $75
$8,600 – $14,400
$50 – $100
25-30+ years
Long-term value
PVC
$55 – $95
$10,600 – $18,200
$25 – $75
30-50 years
Premium performance
Cost Over Time Analysis
While composite and PVC decking cost more upfront, the long-term math favors low-maintenance materials:
Pressure-treated deck: $7,000 initial + ($300 × 20 years maintenance) = $13,000 total
Composite deck: $12,000 initial + ($75 × 20 years maintenance) = $13,500 total
The composite deck offers superior performance, longer lifespan, and comparable total cost when maintenance is factored in.
Railing Options and Costs
Railings are required by Ontario Building Code for any deck more than 600mm (24 inches) above grade. Railing costs typically add $25-$100 per linear foot to your project, depending on material and style.
For a typical 12×16 deck requiring 50 linear feet of railing, expect to pay $1,250-$5,000 just for the railing system.
Cost: $25 – $45 per linear foot installed
Traditional wood railings match pressure-treated or cedar decking for a cohesive look. Common designs include:
2×2 or 4×4 balusters (vertical spindles)
Horizontal board infill
Decorative lattice panels
Pros: Affordable, customizable, easy to repair, matches wood decking
Cons: Requires same maintenance as wood decking (staining, sealing), prone to warping and rot
Cost: $50 – $90 per linear foot installed
Aluminum railings have become the most popular choice for Ontario homeowners. Powder-coated aluminum offers:
Cons: Most expensive railing option, requires precise installation, more challenging to pass inspections, cables require periodic re-tensioning
Best for: Decks with scenic views, modern home architecture, or homeowners wanting an open, airy feel.
Railing Cost Comparison
Railing Type
Cost per Linear Foot
50 LF Total
Maintenance Level
Wood
$25 – $45
$1,250 – $2,250
High
Aluminum
$50 – $90
$2,500 – $4,500
Low
Composite
$45 – $85
$2,250 – $4,250
Low
Cable
$75 – $120
$3,750 – $6,000
Low
Note: Glass railings have been intentionally excluded from this guide as they’re too expensive ($150-$300+ per linear foot) for the average Ontario household budget.
Deck Bylaws by Municipality (GTA)
In addition to Ontario Building Code requirements, each municipality has its own zoning bylaws governing deck construction. These bylaws address setbacks (distance from property lines), lot coverage, and other local requirements.
City of Toronto
Governing Bylaw: Various zoning bylaws (569-2013 and predecessors)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for all attached decks
Building permit required for decks over 600mm (24″) above grade
Site plan showing setbacks and existing structures required
Setback Requirements:
Typically 0.6 meters (2 feet) from side and rear property lines for low decks
Elevated decks may require greater setbacks (varies by zone)
Front yard decks generally not permitted
Height Restrictions:
Maximum deck height governed by Building Code and zoning
Some heritage districts have additional restrictions
Permit Fees (2026):
Minimum building permit fee: $214.79
Additional fees based on project valuation
Typical deck permit: $300-$800
Special Considerations:
TRCA (Toronto and Region Conservation Authority) permit may be required for properties near ravines, slopes, or waterways
Heritage property restrictions in designated areas
Decks less than 0.6 meters (2 feet) above ground and not attached to house: No permit required
All other decks require building permit
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone type
Typically 0.6-1.2 meters from property lines for low decks
Greater setbacks required for elevated structures
Permit Fees (2026):
Permit fees based on construction value
Typical residential deck permit: $250-$700
Special Considerations:
TRCA permit may be required near valleys or watercourses
Zoning compliance letter recommended before permit application
City of Markham
Governing Bylaw: 177-96 and amendments (Comprehensive Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for attached decks and decks over 600mm height
Setback Requirements:
Decks between 0.6m and 1.0m height: May extend to 0.6m from side lot lines
Specific regulations outlined in By-law 142-95
Rear yard setbacks vary by zone
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value
Typical deck permit: $300-$800
Special Considerations:
Detailed site plan required showing all setbacks
Some areas have Heritage District requirements
City of Vaughan
Governing Bylaw: 1-88 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
No permit required for uncovered deck maximum 18.6 square meters (200 sq ft), not exceeding 0.6m (24″) above grade, and not attached to existing structure
All other decks require building permit
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone
Generally minimum 0.6m from property lines for low decks
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value formula
Typical deck permit: $300-$750
Town of Richmond Hill
Governing Bylaw: 83-21 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for most deck construction
Decks subject to zoning setback requirements
Setback Requirements:
Vary by zone
Rear yard setback might be 7.5 meters in some zones
Side yard setbacks typically 1.2m to 3m depending on lot width
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value
Typical residential deck permit: $300-$800
Town of Ajax
Governing Bylaw: Various zoning bylaws
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for attached decks and elevated decks
Setback Requirements:
Specific setbacks vary by residential zone
Consult zoning department for property-specific requirements
Permit Fees (2026):
Durham Region municipalities have similar fee structures
Typical deck permit: $250-$700
Special Considerations:
Decks not more than 600mm above ground with 2×6 joists have specific code provisions
City of Pickering
Governing Bylaw: 7364/14 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required per Ontario Building Code thresholds
Zoning compliance required
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone designation
Typically minimum setbacks from property lines apply
Permit Fees (2026):
Similar to Durham Region standards
Typical deck permit: $250-$700
City of Oshawa
Governing Bylaw: 60-94 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permits required per OBC standards
Additional city-specific zoning requirements
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone
Consult building department for specific property requirements
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value
Typical residential deck permit: $300-$750
Town of Whitby
Governing Bylaw: 2585 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for decks meeting OBC thresholds
Zoning clearance as part of permit process
Setback Requirements:
Specific to residential zone designation
Site plan required showing compliance
Permit Fees (2026):
Durham Region fee structure
Typical deck permit: $250-$700
Important Notes for All Municipalities
Check First: Always confirm requirements with your specific municipality before beginning work. Bylaws are updated regularly.
Conservation Authority Permits: Properties near valleys, ravines, watercourses, or wetlands may require additional permits from TRCA, CVC, or other conservation authorities (separate from building permits).
Survey Requirements: Some municipalities require a current survey showing property boundaries before approving deck permits.
Variance Applications: If your proposed deck doesn’t meet setback or other zoning requirements, you may apply for a minor variance (Committee of Adjustment) — adds $1,000-$2,000 and 2-3 months to timeline.
Processing Times: Expect 2-6 weeks for permit approval, depending on municipality and application completeness.
Special Cases and Complex Installations
Beyond basic ground-level deck construction, several situations increase project complexity and cost.
Decks built significantly above ground level require additional structural considerations:
Cost Impact:
Ground-level deck: $50-$75 per sq ft (baseline)
Elevated deck (3-6 feet high): $60-$90 per sq ft (+20-30%)
Second-story deck (8+ feet high): $75-$110 per sq ft (+40-50%)
How Much Does Deck Construction Cost in Ontario?
The cost of deck construction in Ontario typically ranges from $25 to $100 per square foot, depending on materials, design complexity, and location. For an average 12×16 foot deck (192 square feet), homeowners can expect to pay between $8,000 and $25,000, with most projects falling in the $10,000-$18,000 range.
These costs include both materials and professional installation. Ground-level decks using pressure-treated wood represent the most affordable option, while elevated second-story decks with premium composite materials command the highest prices.
Key Factors That Influence Deck Building Costs
The final cost of your deck project depends on several interconnected factors:
Material choice: Pressure-treated wood, cedar, composite (Trex, Fiberon), or PVC decking
Deck size and square footage: Larger decks require more materials and labour
Deck height and elevation: Ground-level, raised, or second-story construction
Design complexity: Simple rectangular vs. multi-level, curved, or custom shapes
Railing type: Wood, aluminum, composite, or cable systems
Stairs and access points: Number of staircases and their configuration
Permits and inspections: Municipal requirements and associated fees
Labour rates: Geographic location within Ontario (GTA premium vs. smaller municipalities)
Additional features: Built-in seating, planters, lighting, privacy screens, or skirting
Site preparation: Ground leveling, excavation, or removal of existing structures
Decking Materials and Costs
Pressure-treated lumber remains the most popular choice for Ontario homeowners seeking an affordable, functional deck. This chemically-treated softwood (typically pine or spruce) resists rot, decay, and insect damage, making it suitable for Canadian climates.
Modern pressure-treated products like MicroPro Sienna use advanced preservative technology that’s environmentally preferable and gives the wood a warm, natural brown appearance rather than the traditional green tint.
Pressure-Treated Wood Cost Breakdown
Pros:
Most affordable decking option
Widely available at lumber yards and home improvement stores
Relatively easy to work with for DIY projects
Can be stained or painted to customize appearance
Good resistance to rot and insects when properly maintained
Proven track record in Canadian climates
Cons:
Requires annual maintenance (cleaning, sealing, staining)
Prone to warping, cracking, and splintering over time
Shorter lifespan compared to composite alternatives
Surface can become slippery when wet
Chemicals may leach into surrounding soil
Gray weathering if left unsealed
Regular maintenance costs add up over deck lifetime
Best for: Budget-conscious homeowners who don’t mind annual maintenance and want a traditional wood appearance at the lowest upfront cost.
Western Red Cedar offers a premium natural wood option with exceptional beauty and natural durability. Its rich color, pleasant aroma, and fine grain pattern make it a favorite among homeowners who value authentic wood aesthetics.
Cedar contains natural oils (extractives) that provide inherent resistance to decay and insects without chemical treatment, making it an environmentally friendly choice.
Cedar Wood Cost Breakdown
Pros:
Beautiful natural appearance with rich reddish-brown tones
Pleasant, distinctive cedar aroma
Naturally resistant to rot and insects (no chemical treatment needed)
Lightweight and easy to work with
Less prone to warping than pressure-treated lumber
Accepts stains and finishes beautifully
Environmentally friendly (no chemical preservatives)
Cooler underfoot in summer compared to composite materials
Cons:
Higher upfront cost than pressure-treated wood
Requires regular maintenance (sealing every 1-2 years)
Fades to silvery-gray if left unsealed
Natural resistance diminishes over time
Can still develop splinters and cracks
More expensive replacement if boards become damaged
Annual maintenance costs similar to pressure-treated wood
Best for: Homeowners who want natural wood beauty with better durability than pressure-treated lumber and are willing to invest in regular maintenance.
Composite decking revolutionized the deck industry by combining wood fibers with plastic polymers to create low-maintenance boards that resist fading, staining, and structural deterioration. Major brands like Trex, Fiberon, and TimberTech offer multiple product lines at various price points.
Composite boards feature a protective cap layer (capped composite) that provides superior stain resistance and UV protection while maintaining realistic wood grain patterns and colors.
Composite Decking Cost Breakdown
Pros:
Extremely low maintenance (no staining, sealing, or painting)
Won’t rot, warp, crack, or splinter like wood
Resistant to fading, staining, scratching, and mold
25-30+ year lifespan with comprehensive warranties
Wide variety of colors and wood grain patterns
Splinter-free surface safe for bare feet
Environmentally friendly (often made from recycled materials)
Long-term cost savings offset higher initial investment
Color stays consistent over time
Cons:
Higher upfront cost than wood options (60-70% more)
Can become hot underfoot in direct summer sun (especially darker colors)
Heavier than wood (requires proper structural support)
Cannot be refinished or resurfaced
Limited repair options if boards become damaged
May fade slightly despite UV protection
Not as “natural” feeling as real wood
Can expand and contract with temperature changes
Best for: Homeowners seeking long-term value with minimal maintenance who can afford the higher upfront investment for decades of hassle-free outdoor living.
PVC decking represents the premium end of synthetic decking materials. Made entirely from cellular PVC (polyvinyl chloride) rather than wood-plastic composite, these boards offer maximum durability and the lowest maintenance requirements.
TimberTech Advanced PVC (formerly Azek) leads the category with multiple collections including Vintage, Harvest, Landmark, and Arbor lines, each offering different aesthetics and features.
PVC Decking Cost Breakdown
Pros:
Absolute lowest maintenance of any decking material
Superior stain, scratch, and moisture resistance
Will not rot, warp, crack, or support mold growth
Excellent color retention and fade resistance
Lightweight (30% lighter than composite alternatives)
Completely waterproof core
Comprehensive warranties (often 30-50 years)
Best option for high-moisture environments (pool decks, lakefront)
Fastest installation due to lighter weight
Cons:
Highest upfront cost of all decking materials
Can become very hot in direct sunlight
More expensive to repair if damaged
Limited “natural” feel compared to wood
Expansion and contraction requires proper installation techniques
Premium pricing may not fit all budgets
Fewer color options than composite lines
Overkill for basic deck applications
Best for: Homeowners who want the absolute best performance, longest lifespan, and zero maintenance, and have the budget for premium materials.
Deck Material Cost Comparison Summary
Here’s a side-by-side comparison to help you evaluate your options:
Cost Over Time Analysis
While composite and PVC decking cost more upfront, the long-term math favors low-maintenance materials:
Pressure-treated deck: $7,000 initial + ($300 × 20 years maintenance) = $13,000 total
Composite deck: $12,000 initial + ($75 × 20 years maintenance) = $13,500 total
The composite deck offers superior performance, longer lifespan, and comparable total cost when maintenance is factored in.
Railing Options and Costs
Railings are required by Ontario Building Code for any deck more than 600mm (24 inches) above grade. Railing costs typically add $25-$100 per linear foot to your project, depending on material and style.
For a typical 12×16 deck requiring 50 linear feet of railing, expect to pay $1,250-$5,000 just for the railing system.
Cost: $25 – $45 per linear foot installed
Traditional wood railings match pressure-treated or cedar decking for a cohesive look. Common designs include:
2×2 or 4×4 balusters (vertical spindles)
Horizontal board infill
Decorative lattice panels
Pros: Affordable, customizable, easy to repair, matches wood decking
Cons: Requires same maintenance as wood decking (staining, sealing), prone to warping and rot
Cost: $50 – $90 per linear foot installed
Aluminum railings have become the most popular choice for Ontario homeowners. Powder-coated aluminum offers:
Picket-style balusters in black, bronze, or white
Glass panel infill options
Cable infill systems
Decorative post caps
Pros: Low maintenance, durable, won’t rust, code-compliant spacing, modern appearance, lightweight
Cons: Higher upfront cost than wood, limited style customization, can dent or scratch
Popular brands: Deckorators, RailFX, Vista, Westbury
Cost: $45 – $85 per linear foot installed
Composite railing systems match composite decking materials for a unified look:
Composite-wrapped posts with wood cores
Composite top and bottom rails
Aluminum, composite, cable, or glass infill options
Pros: Matches composite decking, low maintenance, won’t rot or fade, 25+ year lifespan
Cons: More expensive than aluminum, heavier, bulkier appearance than metal systems
Popular brands: Trex Transcend, TimberTech RadianceRail, Fiberon Horizon
Cost: $75 – $120 per linear foot installed
Cable rail systems offer a modern, minimalist aesthetic with maximum sight lines:
Stainless steel cables (typically 1/8″ or 3/16″ diameter)
Aluminum or composite posts
Horizontal cable runs spaced 3-4 inches apart
Tensioning hardware at each cable run
Pros: Unobstructed views, contemporary appearance, durable stainless steel, minimal visual impact
Cons: Most expensive railing option, requires precise installation, more challenging to pass inspections, cables require periodic re-tensioning
Best for: Decks with scenic views, modern home architecture, or homeowners wanting an open, airy feel.
Railing Cost Comparison
Note: Glass railings have been intentionally excluded from this guide as they’re too expensive ($150-$300+ per linear foot) for the average Ontario household budget.
Deck Bylaws by Municipality (GTA)
In addition to Ontario Building Code requirements, each municipality has its own zoning bylaws governing deck construction. These bylaws address setbacks (distance from property lines), lot coverage, and other local requirements.
City of Toronto
Governing Bylaw: Various zoning bylaws (569-2013 and predecessors)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for all attached decks
Building permit required for decks over 600mm (24″) above grade
Site plan showing setbacks and existing structures required
Setback Requirements:
Typically 0.6 meters (2 feet) from side and rear property lines for low decks
Elevated decks may require greater setbacks (varies by zone)
Front yard decks generally not permitted
Height Restrictions:
Maximum deck height governed by Building Code and zoning
Some heritage districts have additional restrictions
Permit Fees (2026):
Minimum building permit fee: $214.79
Additional fees based on project valuation
Typical deck permit: $300-$800
Special Considerations:
TRCA (Toronto and Region Conservation Authority) permit may be required for properties near ravines, slopes, or waterways
Heritage property restrictions in designated areas
Attached decks require engineered ledger connection details
City of Mississauga
Governing Bylaw: 0225-2007 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
All decks over 600mm (2 feet) require building permit
Zoning clearance required as part of permit application
Setback Requirements:
Low decks (under 1.0m): May extend to property lines in some zones
Elevated decks: Typically 1.2-3.0 meters from side/rear lot lines
Specific requirements vary by residential zone (R1, R2, R3, etc.)
Lot Coverage:
Decks count toward maximum lot coverage percentage
Maximum coverage varies by zone (typically 30-45%)
Permit Fees (2026):
Minimum residential permit: $237
Online application administrative fee: $50
Typical deck permit: $287-$600
Special Considerations:
Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) permits required for properties near valleys or watercourses
Tree protection bylaws may affect deck placement
City of Brampton
Governing Bylaw: 270-2004 (Comprehensive Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Decks less than 0.6 meters (2 feet) above ground and not attached to house: No permit required
All other decks require building permit
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone type
Typically 0.6-1.2 meters from property lines for low decks
Greater setbacks required for elevated structures
Permit Fees (2026):
Permit fees based on construction value
Typical residential deck permit: $250-$700
Special Considerations:
TRCA permit may be required near valleys or watercourses
Zoning compliance letter recommended before permit application
City of Markham
Governing Bylaw: 177-96 and amendments (Comprehensive Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for attached decks and decks over 600mm height
Setback Requirements:
Decks between 0.6m and 1.0m height: May extend to 0.6m from side lot lines
Specific regulations outlined in By-law 142-95
Rear yard setbacks vary by zone
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value
Typical deck permit: $300-$800
Special Considerations:
Detailed site plan required showing all setbacks
Some areas have Heritage District requirements
City of Vaughan
Governing Bylaw: 1-88 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
No permit required for uncovered deck maximum 18.6 square meters (200 sq ft), not exceeding 0.6m (24″) above grade, and not attached to existing structure
All other decks require building permit
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone
Generally minimum 0.6m from property lines for low decks
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value formula
Typical deck permit: $300-$750
Town of Richmond Hill
Governing Bylaw: 83-21 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for most deck construction
Decks subject to zoning setback requirements
Setback Requirements:
Vary by zone
Rear yard setback might be 7.5 meters in some zones
Side yard setbacks typically 1.2m to 3m depending on lot width
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value
Typical residential deck permit: $300-$800
Town of Ajax
Governing Bylaw: Various zoning bylaws
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for attached decks and elevated decks
Setback Requirements:
Specific setbacks vary by residential zone
Consult zoning department for property-specific requirements
Permit Fees (2026):
Durham Region municipalities have similar fee structures
Typical deck permit: $250-$700
Special Considerations:
Decks not more than 600mm above ground with 2×6 joists have specific code provisions
City of Pickering
Governing Bylaw: 7364/14 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required per Ontario Building Code thresholds
Zoning compliance required
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone designation
Typically minimum setbacks from property lines apply
Permit Fees (2026):
Similar to Durham Region standards
Typical deck permit: $250-$700
City of Oshawa
Governing Bylaw: 60-94 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permits required per OBC standards
Additional city-specific zoning requirements
Setback Requirements:
Vary by residential zone
Consult building department for specific property requirements
Permit Fees (2026):
Based on construction value
Typical residential deck permit: $300-$750
Town of Whitby
Governing Bylaw: 2585 (Zoning By-law)
Permit Requirements:
Building permit required for decks meeting OBC thresholds
Zoning clearance as part of permit process
Setback Requirements:
Specific to residential zone designation
Site plan required showing compliance
Permit Fees (2026):
Durham Region fee structure
Typical deck permit: $250-$700
Important Notes for All Municipalities
Check First: Always confirm requirements with your specific municipality before beginning work. Bylaws are updated regularly.
Conservation Authority Permits: Properties near valleys, ravines, watercourses, or wetlands may require additional permits from TRCA, CVC, or other conservation authorities (separate from building permits).
Survey Requirements: Some municipalities require a current survey showing property boundaries before approving deck permits.
Variance Applications: If your proposed deck doesn’t meet setback or other zoning requirements, you may apply for a minor variance (Committee of Adjustment) — adds $1,000-$2,000 and 2-3 months to timeline.
Processing Times: Expect 2-6 weeks for permit approval, depending on municipality and application completeness.
Special Cases and Complex Installations
Beyond basic ground-level deck construction, several situations increase project complexity and cost.
Decks built significantly above ground level require additional structural considerations:
Cost Impact:
Ground-level deck: $50-$75 per sq ft (baseline)
Elevated deck (3-6 feet high): $60-$90 per sq ft (+20-30%)
Second-story deck (8+ feet high): $75-$110 per sq ft (+40-50%)
What Drives Higher Costs:
Taller posts and additional bracing
More extensive footing requirements
Lateral bracing to prevent swaying
Increased safety requirements and insurance
More complex inspection requirements
Additional labour time and safety equipment
Structural Requirements:
Diagonal bracing or cross-bracing between posts
Properly sized beams for longer spans
Enhanced lateral load resistance (wind, earthquakes)
Professional engineering may be required for decks over 12 feet high
Multi-level decks create distinct zones for different activities but add complexity:
Cost Impact: Add 25-40% compared to single-level deck of equivalent total square footage
Complexity Factors:
Additional framing at each level change
Multiple sets of stairs between levels
More complex railing configurations
Increased planning and design time
More material waste due to level transitions
Design Benefits:
Accommodates sloped yards without extensive excavation
Creates distinct functional zones (dining area, lounging area, etc.)
Adds visual interest and architectural appeal
Can work around existing landscaping features
Deck stairs are often underestimated in cost but represent significant labour and materials:
Stair Costs:
Simple 3-4 step staircase: $800-$1,500
Standard 6-8 step staircase: $1,400-$2,600
Wide or complex staircases: $2,500-$5,000+
What Affects Stair Cost:
Number of steps (height of deck)
Stair width (code minimum is 36″, but 42-48″ is more comfortable)
Material matching deck surface
Railing requirements on one or both sides
Landing requirements at base
Stringer type (manufactured steel vs. cut lumber)
Integrated features enhance functionality but increase project cost:
Built-In Seating:
Cost: $150-$400 per linear foot
Provides permanent seating without furniture
Can incorporate storage underneath
Requires additional framing and structural support
Planters:
Cost: $200-$600 each
Built-in planters for flowers, herbs, or small shrubs
Require drainage provisions
Must be waterproofed to protect deck structure
Privacy Screens:
Cost: $50-$150 per linear foot
Vertical elements providing privacy from neighbors
Can be integrated into railing or freestanding
Options include: lattice panels, composite panels, horizontal slats, living walls (with climbing plants)
Deck Skirting:
Cost: $15-$40 per linear foot
Encloses underside of elevated decks
Prevents animals from nesting underneath
Improves appearance by hiding foundation elements
Options include: lattice, composite panels, pressure-treated boards, horizontal slats
Should include access panel for maintenance
Outdoor lighting extends deck usability into evening hours and enhances safety:
Solar Post Cap Lights:
Cost: $15-$50 per post cap
No wiring required
Automatic on/off with photocell
Perfect for railing posts
Low maintenance (replace batteries every 2-3 years)
LED Stair Lights:
Cost: $25-$75 per light (low voltage system)
Enhances safety on steps
Recessed into stair risers
Low voltage transformer required ($75-$150)
Professional installation recommended
Under-Rail Lighting:
Cost: $30-$80 per 8-foot section
LED rope lights or strip lights
Creates ambient glow along railing
Low voltage or 120V options available
String Lights:
Cost: $40-$150 for 25-50 foot strand
Most affordable ambiance option
LED bulbs use minimal electricity
Can be strung overhead or along railing
DIY-friendly installation
Commercial-grade outdoor-rated strings last longer
Lighting Package for 12×16 Deck:
8 solar post cap lights: $200-$400
4 LED stair lights: $100-$300
50 feet string lights: $100-$150
Total: $400-$850 (DIY installation)
Maintenance Costs by Material Type
Understanding ongoing maintenance requirements helps calculate true lifetime deck cost.
Annual Cost: $200 – $400
Required Maintenance:
Annual cleaning with deck cleaner ($50-$100 materials)
Annual sealing or staining ($150-$300 materials for 200 sq ft deck)
Tighten screws/bolts annually (DIY)
Replace damaged boards as needed ($75-$150 per board installed)
Time Investment: 8-12 hours annually
Professional Service: $400-$800 annually for cleaning and staining
Annual Cost: $250 – $450
Required Maintenance:
Annual cleaning ($50-$100 materials)
Sealing every 1-2 years ($200-$350 materials)
Tighten hardware annually
Replace damaged boards ($100-$200 per board installed)
Time Investment: 8-12 hours annually (sealing years)
Professional Service: $500-$900 annually for cleaning and sealing
Annual Cost: $50 – $100
Required Maintenance:
Occasional cleaning with soap and water (2-3 times per year)
Stain treatment for specific spills (wine, grease)
Check fasteners and hardware every few years
Replace damaged boards if necessary (rare)
Time Investment: 2-3 hours annually
Professional Service: $150-$300 for deep cleaning (only needed every 3-5 years)
Annual Cost: $25 – $75
Required Maintenance:
Occasional hosing or light cleaning
Spot clean stains if they occur (very rare)
Visual inspection of fasteners
Time Investment: 1-2 hours annually
Professional Service: Rarely needed
Key Takeaway: Premium materials save thousands in maintenance over deck lifetime, offsetting higher initial costs.